美国口音训练 AAT CD4 内容目录（点击打开后可以学习具体内容或下载录音）：
401 Review Exercise G: Three-Word Phrase Story—Three Little Pigs
402 Review Exercise H: Sentence Balance—Goldilocks
403 Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases
404 Review Exercise J: Compound intonation of Numbers
405 Review Exercise K: Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases
406 Review Exercise L: Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood
407 Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases
410 Chapter 7. Tee Aitch
411 Exercise 7-1 : The Throng of Thermometers
412 Exercise 7-2: Targeting The TH Sound
413 Exercise 7-3: Tongue Twisters
414 Chapter 8. More Reduced Sounds
415 Exercise 8-1 : Comparing [u] and [ü]
416 Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels
417 Exercise 8-3; Bit or Beat?
418 Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead?
419 Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise
420 Exercise 8-6: The Middle "I" List
421 Exercise 8-7: Reduction Options
422 Exercise 8-8: Finding Reduced Sounds
423 Exercise 8-9: How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck?
424 Exercise 8-10; Booker Woolsey's Cookbook
425 Exercise 8-11: A True Fool
426 Exercise 8-12: Nonverbal Intonation
427 Chapter 9. "V" as in Victory
428 Exercise 9-1 : Mind Your Vees
429 Exercise 9-2: The Vile VIP
431 Exercise 10-1 : When S Becomes Z
432 Exercise 10-2: A Surly Sergeant Socked an Insolent Sailor
433 Exercise 10-3: Allz Well That Endz Well
438 Exercise 11-1; Tense Vowels
442 Exercise 11-5: Take a High-Tech Tack
443 Exercise 11 -6: Pick a Peak
444 Exercise 11-7: Compound Nouns and Complex Verbs
447 Exercise 11-10: Practical Application—U.S./Japan Trade Friction
448 Exercise 11-11: Presidential Candidates' Debate
449 Chapter 12. Nasal Consonants
450 Exercise 12-1: Nasal Consonants
451 Exercise 12-2: Ending Nasal Consonants
452 Exercise 12-3: Reading Nasal Consonant Sounds
454 Exercise 13-1: Throaty Consonants
455 Exercise 13-2: The Letter X
456 Exercise 13-3: Reading the H, K, G, NG, and R sounds
401 Review Exercise G: Three-Word Phrase Story—Three Little Pigs
Review Exercise G: Three-Word Phrase Story—Three Little Pigs CD 4 Track 1 录音下载
Notice where there are patterns, where the words change, but the rhythm stays the same (straw- cutting tools, woodcutting tools, bricklaying tools). Read the story aloud.
Once upon a time, there were three little pigs. They lived with their kind old mother near a large, dark forest. One day, they decided to build their own houses. The first little pig used straw. He took his straw-cutting tools and his new lawnmower, and built a little straw house. The second little pig used sticks. He took his woodcutting tools and some old paintbrushes and built a small wooden house. The third little pig, who was a very hard worker, used bricks. He took his bricklaying tools, an expensive mortarboard, and built a large brick house.
In the forest, lived a big bad wolf. He wanted to eat the three little pigs, so he went to the flimsy straw abode and tried to blow it down. "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin !" cried the three little porkers. But the house was not very strong, and the big bad beast blew it down. The three little pigs ran to the rickety wooden structure, but the big bad wolf blew it down, too. Quickly, the three little piggies ran to the sturdy brick dwelling and hid inside. The big bad wolf huffed and he puffed, but he couldn't blow the strong brick house down. The three little pigs laughed and danced and sang.
上一篇：Three-Word Phrase Summary
下一篇：Sentence Balance—Goldilocks
Notice where there are patterns, where the words change, but the rhythm stays the same (straw- cutting tools, woodcutting tools, bricklaying tools). Read the story aloud.
Once upon a time, there were three little pigs. They lived with their kind old mother near a large, dark forest. One day, they decided to build their own houses. The first little pig used straw. He took his straw-cutting tools and his new lawnmower, and built a little straw house. The second little pig used sticks. He took his woodcutting tools and some old paintbrushes and built a small wooden house. The third little pig, who was a very hard worker, used bricks. He took his bricklaying tools, an expensive mortarboard, and built a large brick house.
In the forest, lived a big bad wolf. He wanted to eat the three little pigs, so he went to the flimsy straw abode and tried to blow it down. "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin !" cried the three little porkers. But the house was not very strong, and the big bad beast blew it down. The three little pigs ran to the rickety wooden structure, but the big bad wolf blew it down, too. Quickly, the three little piggies ran to the sturdy brick dwelling and hid inside. The big bad wolf huffed and he puffed, but he couldn't blow the strong brick house down. The three little pigs laughed and danced and sang.
上一篇：Three-Word Phrase Summary
下一篇：Sentence Balance—Goldilocks
402 Review Exercise H: Sentence Balance—Goldilocks
Review Exercise H: Sentence Balance—Goldilocks CD 4 Track 2 录音下载
One of the most fascinating things about spoken English is how the intonation prepares the listener for what is coming. As you know, the main job of intonation is to announce new information. However, there is a secondary function, and that is to alert the listener of
changes down the road. Certain shifts will be dictated for the sake of sentence balance. Set phrases and contrast don't change, but the intonation of a descriptive phrase will move from the second word to the first, without changing the meaning. The stress change indicates that it's not the end of the sentence, but rather, there is more to come. This is why it is particularly important to speak in phrases, instead of word by word.
When we practiced Goldilocks and the Three Bears the first time, on page 34, we had very short sentences so we didn't need sentence balance. All of the underlined descriptive phrases would otherwise be stressed on the second word, if the shift weren't needed.
There is a little girl called Goldilocks. She is walking through a sunny forest and sees a
small house. She knocks on the door, but no one answers. She goes inside to see what's there. There are three chairs in the large room. Goldilocks sits on the biggest chair. It's too high for
her to sit on. She sits on the middle-sized one, but it's is too low. She sits on the small chair and it is just right. On the table, there are three bowls of porridge. She tries the first one, but it is too hot to swallow. The second one is too cold, and the third one is just right, so she eats it all.
After that, she goes upstairs to look around. There are three beds in the bedroom. She sits down on the biggest one. It's too hard to sleep on. The middle-sized bed is too soft. The little one is just right, so she lies down and falls asleep.
In the meantime, the family of three bears comes home — the Papa bear, the Mama bear, and the Baby bear. They look around and say, "Who's been sitting in our chairs and eating our
porridge?" Then they run upstairs and say, "Who's been sleeping in our beds?" Goldilocks wakes up when she hears all the noise and is so scared that she runs out of the house and never comes back.
上一篇：Three-Word Phrase Story—Three Little Pigs
下一篇： Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases
One of the most fascinating things about spoken English is how the intonation prepares the listener for what is coming. As you know, the main job of intonation is to announce new information. However, there is a secondary function, and that is to alert the listener of
changes down the road. Certain shifts will be dictated for the sake of sentence balance. Set phrases and contrast don't change, but the intonation of a descriptive phrase will move from the second word to the first, without changing the meaning. The stress change indicates that it's not the end of the sentence, but rather, there is more to come. This is why it is particularly important to speak in phrases, instead of word by word.
When we practiced Goldilocks and the Three Bears the first time, on page 34, we had very short sentences so we didn't need sentence balance. All of the underlined descriptive phrases would otherwise be stressed on the second word, if the shift weren't needed.
There is a little girl called Goldilocks. She is walking through a sunny forest and sees a
small house. She knocks on the door, but no one answers. She goes inside to see what's there. There are three chairs in the large room. Goldilocks sits on the biggest chair. It's too high for
her to sit on. She sits on the middle-sized one, but it's is too low. She sits on the small chair and it is just right. On the table, there are three bowls of porridge. She tries the first one, but it is too hot to swallow. The second one is too cold, and the third one is just right, so she eats it all.
After that, she goes upstairs to look around. There are three beds in the bedroom. She sits down on the biggest one. It's too hard to sleep on. The middle-sized bed is too soft. The little one is just right, so she lies down and falls asleep.
In the meantime, the family of three bears comes home — the Papa bear, the Mama bear, and the Baby bear. They look around and say, "Who's been sitting in our chairs and eating our
porridge?" Then they run upstairs and say, "Who's been sleeping in our beds?" Goldilocks wakes up when she hears all the noise and is so scared that she runs out of the house and never comes back.
上一篇：Three-Word Phrase Story—Three Little Pigs
下一篇： Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases
403 Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases
Four-Word Phrases
Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases CD 4 Track 3 录音下载
When you continue to modify a set phrase, you maintain the original intonation pattern and
simply add an additional stress point.
Modified Set Phrase Remodified Set Phrase
1. It's a short fingernail. It's a really short fingernail.
2. It's a banana pancake. It's a tasty banana pancake.
3. It's a leaky hot tub. It's a leaky old hot tub.
4. It's a new hard drive. It's a brand new hard drive.
5. It's a long backbone. It's a long, hard backbone.
6. It's a wrinkled playing card. It's a wrinkled, old playing card.
7. It's a bright spotlight. It's a bright white spotlight.
8. It's the new phone book. It's a new age phone book.
9. It's a _______________ It's a _______________
10. It's a _______________ It's a _______________
11. It's a _______________ It's a _______________
上一篇：Sentence Balance—Goldilocks
下一篇： Compound intonation of Numbers
Review Exercise I: Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases CD 4 Track 3 录音下载
When you continue to modify a set phrase, you maintain the original intonation pattern and
simply add an additional stress point.
Modified Set Phrase Remodified Set Phrase
1. It's a short fingernail. It's a really short fingernail.
2. It's a banana pancake. It's a tasty banana pancake.
3. It's a leaky hot tub. It's a leaky old hot tub.
4. It's a new hard drive. It's a brand new hard drive.
5. It's a long backbone. It's a long, hard backbone.
6. It's a wrinkled playing card. It's a wrinkled, old playing card.
7. It's a bright spotlight. It's a bright white spotlight.
8. It's the new phone book. It's a new age phone book.
9. It's a _______________ It's a _______________
10. It's a _______________ It's a _______________
11. It's a _______________ It's a _______________
上一篇：Sentence Balance—Goldilocks
下一篇： Compound intonation of Numbers
404 Review Exercise J: Compound intonation of Numbers
Review Exercise J: Compound intonation of Numbers CD 4 Track 4 录音下载
In short phrases (#1 and #2), ~teen can be thought of as a separate word in terms of
intonation. In longer phrases, the number + ~teen becomes one word. Repeat after me.
1. How old is he? 2. How long has it been? 3. How old is he?
He's fourteen. Fourteen years. He's fourteen years old.
He's forty. Forty years. He's forty years old.
上一篇：Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases
下一篇： Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases
In short phrases (#1 and #2), ~teen can be thought of as a separate word in terms of
intonation. In longer phrases, the number + ~teen becomes one word. Repeat after me.
1. How old is he? 2. How long has it been? 3. How old is he?
He's fourteen. Fourteen years. He's fourteen years old.
He's forty. Forty years. He's forty years old.
上一篇：Multiple Modifiers with Set Phrases
下一篇： Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases
405 Review Exercise K: Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases
Review Exercise K: Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases CD 4 Track 5 录音下载
When you continue to modify a set phrase, you maintain the original intonation pattern and simply add an unstressed modifier.
Three-Word Set Phrase Modified Three-Word Set Phrase
1. It's a fingernail clipper. It's a new fingernail clipper.
2. It's a pancake shop. It's a good pancake shop.
3. He's a hot tub maker. He's the best hot tub maker.
4. It's a hard drive holder. It's a plastic hard drive holder.
5. It's a backbone massage. It's a painful backbone massage.
6. It's a playing card rack. It's my best playing card rack.
7. It's a spotlight bulb. It's a fragile spotlight bulb.
8. It's a phone book listing. It's an unusual phone book listing.
9. It's a _______________ . It's a _______________ .
10. It's a _______________ . It's a _______________ .
11. It's a _______________ . It's a _______________ .
上一篇：Compound intonation of Numbers
下一篇：Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood
When you continue to modify a set phrase, you maintain the original intonation pattern and simply add an unstressed modifier.
Three-Word Set Phrase Modified Three-Word Set Phrase
1. It's a fingernail clipper. It's a new fingernail clipper.
2. It's a pancake shop. It's a good pancake shop.
3. He's a hot tub maker. He's the best hot tub maker.
4. It's a hard drive holder. It's a plastic hard drive holder.
5. It's a backbone massage. It's a painful backbone massage.
6. It's a playing card rack. It's my best playing card rack.
7. It's a spotlight bulb. It's a fragile spotlight bulb.
8. It's a phone book listing. It's an unusual phone book listing.
9. It's a _______________ . It's a _______________ .
10. It's a _______________ . It's a _______________ .
11. It's a _______________ . It's a _______________ .
上一篇：Compound intonation of Numbers
下一篇：Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood
406 Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood
Review Exercise L: Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood CD 4 Treck 6 录音下载
Repeat after me.
Once upon a time, there was a cute little redhead named Little Red Riding Hood. One day, she told her mother that she wanted to take a well-stocked picnic basket to her dear old grandmother on the other side of the dark, scary Black Forest. Her mother warned her not to talk to strangers — especially the dangerous big bad wolf. Little Red Riding Hood said she would be careful, and left. Halfway there, she saw a mild-mannered hitchhiker. She pulled over in her bright red sports car and offered him a ride. Just before they got to the freeway turnoff for her old grandmother's house, the heavily bearded young man jumped out and ran away. (Was he the wolf?) He hurried ahead to the waiting grandmother's house, let himself in, ate her, and jumped into her bed to wait for Little Red Riding Hood.
When Little Red Riding Hood got to the house, she was surprised, "Grandmother, what big eyes you have!" The wolf replied, "The better to see you with, my dear..." "But Grandmother, what big ears you have!" "The better to hear you with, my dear..." "Oh, Grandmother, what big teeth you have!" "The better to eat you with!" And the wolf jumped out of the bed to eat Little Red Riding Hood. Fortunately for her, she was a recently paid-up member of the infamous National Rifle Association so she pulled out her brand new shotgun and shot the wolf dead.
上一篇：Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases
下一篇：Building Up to Five-Word Phrases
Repeat after me.
Once upon a time, there was a cute little redhead named Little Red Riding Hood. One day, she told her mother that she wanted to take a well-stocked picnic basket to her dear old grandmother on the other side of the dark, scary Black Forest. Her mother warned her not to talk to strangers — especially the dangerous big bad wolf. Little Red Riding Hood said she would be careful, and left. Halfway there, she saw a mild-mannered hitchhiker. She pulled over in her bright red sports car and offered him a ride. Just before they got to the freeway turnoff for her old grandmother's house, the heavily bearded young man jumped out and ran away. (Was he the wolf?) He hurried ahead to the waiting grandmother's house, let himself in, ate her, and jumped into her bed to wait for Little Red Riding Hood.
When Little Red Riding Hood got to the house, she was surprised, "Grandmother, what big eyes you have!" The wolf replied, "The better to see you with, my dear..." "But Grandmother, what big ears you have!" "The better to hear you with, my dear..." "Oh, Grandmother, what big teeth you have!" "The better to eat you with!" And the wolf jumped out of the bed to eat Little Red Riding Hood. Fortunately for her, she was a recently paid-up member of the infamous National Rifle Association so she pulled out her brand new shotgun and shot the wolf dead.
上一篇：Modify ing Three-Word Set Phrases
下一篇：Building Up to Five-Word Phrases
407 Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases
Review Exercise M: Building Up to Five-Word Phrases CD 4 Track 7 录音下载
Repeat after me, then pause the CD and write your own phrases, using the same order and form.
1. It's a pot. noun
2. It's new. adjective
3. It's a new pot. descriptive phrase (noun)
4. It's brand new. descriptive phrase (adjective)
5. It's a brand new pot. modified descriptive phrase
6. It's a teapot. two-word set phrase
7. It's a new teapot. modified set phrase
8. It's a brand new teapot. modified set phrase
9. It's a teapot lid. three-word set phrase
10. It's a new teapot lid. modified three-word set phrase
11. It's a brand new teapot lid. modified three-word set phrase
1. _______________ noun
2. _______________ adjective
3. _______________ descriptive phrase (noun)
4. _______________ descriptive phrase (adjective)
5. _______________ modified descriptive phrase
6. _______________ two-word set phrase
7. _______________ modified set phrase
8. _______________ modified set phrase
9. _______________ three-word set phrase
10. _______________ modified three-word set phrase
11. _______________ modified three-word set phrase
上一篇：Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood
下一篇： Chapter 7. Tee Aitch
Repeat after me, then pause the CD and write your own phrases, using the same order and form.
1. It's a pot. noun
2. It's new. adjective
3. It's a new pot. descriptive phrase (noun)
4. It's brand new. descriptive phrase (adjective)
5. It's a brand new pot. modified descriptive phrase
6. It's a teapot. two-word set phrase
7. It's a new teapot. modified set phrase
8. It's a brand new teapot. modified set phrase
9. It's a teapot lid. three-word set phrase
10. It's a new teapot lid. modified three-word set phrase
11. It's a brand new teapot lid. modified three-word set phrase
1. _______________ noun
2. _______________ adjective
3. _______________ descriptive phrase (noun)
4. _______________ descriptive phrase (adjective)
5. _______________ modified descriptive phrase
6. _______________ two-word set phrase
7. _______________ modified set phrase
8. _______________ modified set phrase
9. _______________ three-word set phrase
10. _______________ modified three-word set phrase
11. _______________ modified three-word set phrase
上一篇：Four-Word Phrase Story—Little Red Riding Hood
下一篇： Chapter 7. Tee Aitch
410 Chapter 7. Tee Aitch
Chapter 7. Tee Aitch CD 4 Track 10 录音下载
I'd like you to consider words as rocks for a moment. When a rock first rolls into the ocean, it is sharp and well defined. After tumbling about for a few millennia, it becomes round and smooth. A word goes through a similar process. When it first rolls into English, it may have a lot of sharp, well-defined vowels or consonants in it, but after rolling off of a few million tongues, it becomes round and smooth. This smoothing process occurs when a tense vowel becomes reduced and when an unvoiced consonant becomes voiced. The most common words are the smoothest, the most reduced, the most often voiced. There are several very common words that are all voiced: this, that, the, those, them, they, their, there, then, than, though. The strong words such as thank, think, or thing, as well as long or unusual words such as thermometer or theologian, stay unvoiced.
The sound of the TH combination seems to exist only in English, Greek, and Castillian Spanish. Just as with most of the other consonants, there are two types—voiced and unvoiced. The voiced TH is like a D, but instead of being in back of the teeth, it's 1/4 inch lower and forward, between the teeth. The unvoiced TH is like an S between the teeth. Most people tend to replace the unvoiced TH with S or T and the voiced one with Z or D, so instead of thing, they say sing, or ting, and instead of that, they say zat or dat.
To pronounce TH correctly, think of a snake's tongue. You don't want to take a big relaxed tongue, throw it out of your mouth for a long distance and leave it out there for a long time. Make only a very quick, sharp little movement. Keep your tongue's tip very tense. It darts out between your teeth and snaps back very quickly—thing, that, this. The tongue's position for the unvoiced TH is similar to that of S, but for TH the tongue is extended through the teeth, instead of hissing behind the back of the teeth. The voiced TH is like a D except that the tongue is placed between the teeth, or even pressed behind the teeth. Now we're ready for some practice.
上一篇：Building Up to Five-Word Phrases
下一篇：The Throng of Thermometers
I'd like you to consider words as rocks for a moment. When a rock first rolls into the ocean, it is sharp and well defined. After tumbling about for a few millennia, it becomes round and smooth. A word goes through a similar process. When it first rolls into English, it may have a lot of sharp, well-defined vowels or consonants in it, but after rolling off of a few million tongues, it becomes round and smooth. This smoothing process occurs when a tense vowel becomes reduced and when an unvoiced consonant becomes voiced. The most common words are the smoothest, the most reduced, the most often voiced. There are several very common words that are all voiced: this, that, the, those, them, they, their, there, then, than, though. The strong words such as thank, think, or thing, as well as long or unusual words such as thermometer or theologian, stay unvoiced.
The sound of the TH combination seems to exist only in English, Greek, and Castillian Spanish. Just as with most of the other consonants, there are two types—voiced and unvoiced. The voiced TH is like a D, but instead of being in back of the teeth, it's 1/4 inch lower and forward, between the teeth. The unvoiced TH is like an S between the teeth. Most people tend to replace the unvoiced TH with S or T and the voiced one with Z or D, so instead of thing, they say sing, or ting, and instead of that, they say zat or dat.
To pronounce TH correctly, think of a snake's tongue. You don't want to take a big relaxed tongue, throw it out of your mouth for a long distance and leave it out there for a long time. Make only a very quick, sharp little movement. Keep your tongue's tip very tense. It darts out between your teeth and snaps back very quickly—thing, that, this. The tongue's position for the unvoiced TH is similar to that of S, but for TH the tongue is extended through the teeth, instead of hissing behind the back of the teeth. The voiced TH is like a D except that the tongue is placed between the teeth, or even pressed behind the teeth. Now we're ready for some practice.
上一篇：Building Up to Five-Word Phrases
下一篇：The Throng of Thermometers
411 Exercise 7-1 : The Throng of Thermometers
Exercise 7-1 : The Throng of Thermometers CD 4 Track 11 录音下载
I'm going to read the following paragraph once straight through, so you can hear that no matter how fast I read it, all the THs are still there. It is a distinctive sound, but, when you repeat it, don't put too much effort into it. Listen to my reading.
The throng of thermometers from the Thuringian Thermometer Folks arrived on Thursday. There were a thousand thirty-three thick thermometers, though, instead of a thousand thirty-six thin thermometers, which was three thermometers fewer than the thousand thirty-six we were expecting, not to mention that they were thick ones rather than thin ones. We thoroughly thought that we had ordered a thousand thirty-six, not a thousand thirty-three, thermometers, and asked the Thuringian Thermometer Folks to reship the thermometers; thin, not thick. They apologized for sending only a thousand thirty-three thermometers rather than a thousand thirty- six and promised to replace the thick thermometers with thin thermometers.
th = voiced (17) th = unvoiced (44)
上一篇： Tee Aitch 下一篇：Targeting The TH Sound
I'm going to read the following paragraph once straight through, so you can hear that no matter how fast I read it, all the THs are still there. It is a distinctive sound, but, when you repeat it, don't put too much effort into it. Listen to my reading.
The throng of thermometers from the Thuringian Thermometer Folks arrived on Thursday. There were a thousand thirty-three thick thermometers, though, instead of a thousand thirty-six thin thermometers, which was three thermometers fewer than the thousand thirty-six we were expecting, not to mention that they were thick ones rather than thin ones. We thoroughly thought that we had ordered a thousand thirty-six, not a thousand thirty-three, thermometers, and asked the Thuringian Thermometer Folks to reship the thermometers; thin, not thick. They apologized for sending only a thousand thirty-three thermometers rather than a thousand thirty- six and promised to replace the thick thermometers with thin thermometers.
th = voiced (17) th = unvoiced (44)
上一篇： Tee Aitch 下一篇：Targeting The TH Sound
412 Exercise 7-2: Targeting The TH Sound
Exercise 7-2: Targeting The TH Sound CD 4 Track 12 录音下载
In order to target the TH sound, first, hold a mirror in front of you and read our familiar paragraph silently, moving only your tongue. It should be visible in the mirror each time you come to a TH. Second, find all of the THs, both voiced and unvoiced. Remember, a voiced sound makes your throat vibrate, and you can feel that vibration by placing your fingers on your throat. There are ten voiced and two unvoiced THs here. You can mark them by underscoring the former and drawing a circle around the latter. Or, if you prefer, use two of your color markers. Pause the CD to mark the TH sounds. Don't forget to check your answers against the Answer Key, beginning on page 193.
Hello, my name is_______________. I'm taking American Accent Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down, or peaks and valleys, intonation more than I used to. I've been paying attention to pitch, too. It's like walking down a staircase. I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and sound good. Well, what do you think? Do I?
上一篇： The Throng of Thermometers 下一篇：Tongue Twisters
In order to target the TH sound, first, hold a mirror in front of you and read our familiar paragraph silently, moving only your tongue. It should be visible in the mirror each time you come to a TH. Second, find all of the THs, both voiced and unvoiced. Remember, a voiced sound makes your throat vibrate, and you can feel that vibration by placing your fingers on your throat. There are ten voiced and two unvoiced THs here. You can mark them by underscoring the former and drawing a circle around the latter. Or, if you prefer, use two of your color markers. Pause the CD to mark the TH sounds. Don't forget to check your answers against the Answer Key, beginning on page 193.
Hello, my name is_______________. I'm taking American Accent Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down, or peaks and valleys, intonation more than I used to. I've been paying attention to pitch, too. It's like walking down a staircase. I've been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I'm easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and sound good. Well, what do you think? Do I?
上一篇： The Throng of Thermometers 下一篇：Tongue Twisters
413 Exercise 7-3: Tongue Twisters
Exercise 7-3: Tongue Twisters CD 4 Track 13 录音下载
Feeling confident? Good! Try the following tongue twisters and have some fun.
1. The sixth sick Sheik's sixth thick sheep.
2. This is a zither. Is this a zither?
3. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn't have thought so much.
上一篇： Targeting The TH Sound 下一篇：More Reduced Sounds
Feeling confident? Good! Try the following tongue twisters and have some fun.
1. The sixth sick Sheik's sixth thick sheep.
2. This is a zither. Is this a zither?
3. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn't have thought so much.
上一篇： Targeting The TH Sound 下一篇：More Reduced Sounds
414 Chapter 8. More Reduced Sounds
Chapter 8. More Reduced Sounds CD 4 Track 14 录音下载
There are two sounds that look similar, but sound quite different. One is the tense vowel [u], pronounced ooh, and the other is the soft vowel [ü], whose pronunciation is a combination of ih and uh. The [u] sound is located far forward in the mouth and requires you to round your lips. The [ü] is one of the four reduced vowel sounds that are made in the throat: The most tense, and highest in the throat is [ε], next, slightly more relaxed is [i], then [ü], and deepest and most relaxed is the neutral schwa []. For the reduced semivowel schwa + R, the throat is relaxed, but the tongue is tense.
上一篇： Tongue Twisters 下一篇：Comparing [u] and [ü]
There are two sounds that look similar, but sound quite different. One is the tense vowel [u], pronounced ooh, and the other is the soft vowel [ü], whose pronunciation is a combination of ih and uh. The [u] sound is located far forward in the mouth and requires you to round your lips. The [ü] is one of the four reduced vowel sounds that are made in the throat: The most tense, and highest in the throat is [ε], next, slightly more relaxed is [i], then [ü], and deepest and most relaxed is the neutral schwa []. For the reduced semivowel schwa + R, the throat is relaxed, but the tongue is tense.
上一篇： Tongue Twisters 下一篇：Comparing [u] and [ü]
415 Exercise 8-1 : Comparing [u] and [ü]
Exercise 8-1 : Comparing [u] and [ü] CD 4 Track 15 录音下载
Look at the chart that follows and repeat each word. We are contrasting the sound [u] (first column)—a strong, nonreducible sound, ooh, that is made far forward in the mouth, with the
lips fully rounded—with the reduced [ü] sound in the second and fourth columns.
u ü u ü
1. booed book 11. Luke look
2. boo bushel 12. nuke nook
3. cooed could 13. pool pull
4. cool cushion 14. pooch put
5. food foot 15. shoe sugar
6. fool full 16. suit soot
7. gooed good 17. shoot should
8. who'd hood 18. stewed stood
9. kook cook 19. toucan took
10. crew crook 20. wooed would
上一篇： More Reduced Sounds 下一篇：Lax Vowels
Look at the chart that follows and repeat each word. We are contrasting the sound [u] (first column)—a strong, nonreducible sound, ooh, that is made far forward in the mouth, with the
lips fully rounded—with the reduced [ü] sound in the second and fourth columns.
u ü u ü
1. booed book 11. Luke look
2. boo bushel 12. nuke nook
3. cooed could 13. pool pull
4. cool cushion 14. pooch put
5. food foot 15. shoe sugar
6. fool full 16. suit soot
7. gooed good 17. shoot should
8. who'd hood 18. stewed stood
9. kook cook 19. toucan took
10. crew crook 20. wooed would
上一篇： More Reduced Sounds 下一篇：Lax Vowels
416 Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels
Exercise 8-2: Lax Vowels CD 4 Track 16 录音下载
The lax vowels are produced in the throat and are actually quite similar to each other. Let's practice some lax vowels. See also Chapter 11 to contrast with tense vowels. Remember to double the vowel when the word ends in a voiced consonant.
e i ü r
1. end it un~ earn
2. bet bit book but burn
3. kept kid could cut curt
4. check chick chuck church
5. debt did does dirt
6. fence fit foot fun first
7. fell fill full furl
8. get guilt good gut girl
9. help hit hook hut hurt
10. held hill hood hull hurl
11. gel Jill jump jerk
12. ked kill cook cud curd
13. crest crypt crook crumb
14. let little look lump lurk
15. men milk muck murmur
16. net knit nook nut nerd
17. pet pit put putt pert
18. pell pill pull pearl
19. red rid root rut rural
20. said sit soot such search
21. shed shin should shut sure
22. sled slim slug slur
23. stead still stood stuff stir
24. It's stewed. Id stick. It stood. It's done. It's dirt.
25. stretch string struck
26. tell tip took ton turn
27. then this thus
28. thing thug third
29. vex vim vug verb
30. wet wind would was word
31. yet yin young yearn
32. zen Zinfandel result deserve
上一篇：Comparing [u] and [ü] 下一篇： Bit or Beat?
The lax vowels are produced in the throat and are actually quite similar to each other. Let's practice some lax vowels. See also Chapter 11 to contrast with tense vowels. Remember to double the vowel when the word ends in a voiced consonant.
e i ü r
1. end it un~ earn
2. bet bit book but burn
3. kept kid could cut curt
4. check chick chuck church
5. debt did does dirt
6. fence fit foot fun first
7. fell fill full furl
8. get guilt good gut girl
9. help hit hook hut hurt
10. held hill hood hull hurl
11. gel Jill jump jerk
12. ked kill cook cud curd
13. crest crypt crook crumb
14. let little look lump lurk
15. men milk muck murmur
16. net knit nook nut nerd
17. pet pit put putt pert
18. pell pill pull pearl
19. red rid root rut rural
20. said sit soot such search
21. shed shin should shut sure
22. sled slim slug slur
23. stead still stood stuff stir
24. It's stewed. Id stick. It stood. It's done. It's dirt.
25. stretch string struck
26. tell tip took ton turn
27. then this thus
28. thing thug third
29. vex vim vug verb
30. wet wind would was word
31. yet yin young yearn
32. zen Zinfandel result deserve
上一篇：Comparing [u] and [ü] 下一篇： Bit or Beat?
417 Exercise 8-3： Bit or Beat?
Exercise 8-3： Bit or Beat? CD 4 Track 17 录音下载
We've discussed intonation in terms of new information, contrast, opinion, and negatives. As you heard on p. 3, Americans tend to stretch out certain one-syllable words ... but which ones? The answer is simple—when a single syllable word ends in an unvoiced consonant, the vowel is on a single stairstep—short and sharp. When the word ends in a voiced consonant, or a vowel, the vowel is on a double stairstep. (For an explanation of voiced and unvoiced consonants, see page 62.) You can also think of this in terms of musical notes.
Here you are going to compare the four words bit, bid, beat, and bead. Once you can distinguish these four, all of the rest are easy. Repeat.
single double
tense beat bead
lax bit bid
Note You may hear tense vowels called long vowels, but this can cause confusion when you are talking about the long, or doubled vowel before a voiced consonant. Use the rubber band to distinguish: Make a short, sharp snap for the single note words (beat, bit) and a longer, stretched out loop for the double note words (bead, bid).
上一篇：Lax Vowels 下一篇：Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead?
We've discussed intonation in terms of new information, contrast, opinion, and negatives. As you heard on p. 3, Americans tend to stretch out certain one-syllable words ... but which ones? The answer is simple—when a single syllable word ends in an unvoiced consonant, the vowel is on a single stairstep—short and sharp. When the word ends in a voiced consonant, or a vowel, the vowel is on a double stairstep. (For an explanation of voiced and unvoiced consonants, see page 62.) You can also think of this in terms of musical notes.
Here you are going to compare the four words bit, bid, beat, and bead. Once you can distinguish these four, all of the rest are easy. Repeat.
single double
tense beat bead
lax bit bid
Note You may hear tense vowels called long vowels, but this can cause confusion when you are talking about the long, or doubled vowel before a voiced consonant. Use the rubber band to distinguish: Make a short, sharp snap for the single note words (beat, bit) and a longer, stretched out loop for the double note words (bead, bid).
上一篇：Lax Vowels 下一篇：Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead?
418 Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead?
Exercise 8-4: Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? CD 4 Track 18 录音下载
Read each column down. Next, contrast the single and double tense vowels with each other; and the single and double lax vowels with each other. Finally read all four across.
Tense Vowels Lax Vowels
1. beat bead ● bit bid
2. seat seed ● sit Sid
3. heat he'd ● hit hid
4. Pete impede ● pit rapid
5. feet feed ● fit fin
6. niece knees ● miss Ms.
7. geese he's ● hiss his
8. deep deed ● disk did
9. neat need ● knit (nid)
10. leaf leave ● lift live
Note Bear in mind that the single/double intonation pattern is the same for all final voiced and unvoiced consonants, not just T and D.
上一篇： Bit or Beat? 下一篇： Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise
Read each column down. Next, contrast the single and double tense vowels with each other; and the single and double lax vowels with each other. Finally read all four across.
Tense Vowels Lax Vowels
1. beat bead ● bit bid
2. seat seed ● sit Sid
3. heat he'd ● hit hid
4. Pete impede ● pit rapid
5. feet feed ● fit fin
6. niece knees ● miss Ms.
7. geese he's ● hiss his
8. deep deed ● disk did
9. neat need ● knit (nid)
10. leaf leave ● lift live
Note Bear in mind that the single/double intonation pattern is the same for all final voiced and unvoiced consonants, not just T and D.
上一篇： Bit or Beat? 下一篇： Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise
419 Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise
Exercise 8-5: Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise CD 4Track 19 录音下载
Let's practice tense and lax vowels in context. The intonation is marked for you. When in doubt, try to leave out the lax vowel rather than run the risk of overpronouncing it: l'p in place of lip, so it doesn't sound like leap. Repeat:
Tense Lax
1. eat it I eat it.
2. beat bit The beat is a bit strong.
3. keys kiss Give me a kiss for the keys.
4. cheek chick The chick's cheek is soft.
5. deed did He did the deed.
6. feet fit These shoes fit my feet.
7. feel fill Do you feel that we should fill it?
8. green grin The Martian's grin was green.
9. heat hit Last summer, the heat hit hard.
10. heel hill Put your heel on the hill.
11. jeep Jill Jill's jeep is here.
12. creep crypt Let's creep near the crypt.
13. leap lip He bumped his lip when he leaped.
14. meal mill She had a meal at the mill.
15. neat knit He can knit neatly.
16. peel pill Don't peel that pill!
17. reed rid Get rid of the reed.
18. seek sick We seek the sixth sick sheik's sheep.
19. sheep ship There are sheep on the ship.
20. sleep slip The girl sleeps in a slip.
21. steal still He still steals.
22. Streep strip Meryl Streep is in a comic strip.
23. team Tim Tim is on the team.
24. these this These are better than this one.
25. thief thing The thief took my thing.
26. weep whip Who weeps from the whips?
In the time you have taken to reach this point in the program, you will have made a lot of decisions about your own individual speech style. Pronunciation of reduced sounds is more subjective and depends on how quickly you speak, how you prefer to express yourself, the range of your intonation, how much you want to reduce certain vowels, and so on.
上一篇：Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? 下一篇：The Middle "I" List
Let's practice tense and lax vowels in context. The intonation is marked for you. When in doubt, try to leave out the lax vowel rather than run the risk of overpronouncing it: l'p in place of lip, so it doesn't sound like leap. Repeat:
Tense Lax
1. eat it I eat it.
2. beat bit The beat is a bit strong.
3. keys kiss Give me a kiss for the keys.
4. cheek chick The chick's cheek is soft.
5. deed did He did the deed.
6. feet fit These shoes fit my feet.
7. feel fill Do you feel that we should fill it?
8. green grin The Martian's grin was green.
9. heat hit Last summer, the heat hit hard.
10. heel hill Put your heel on the hill.
11. jeep Jill Jill's jeep is here.
12. creep crypt Let's creep near the crypt.
13. leap lip He bumped his lip when he leaped.
14. meal mill She had a meal at the mill.
15. neat knit He can knit neatly.
16. peel pill Don't peel that pill!
17. reed rid Get rid of the reed.
18. seek sick We seek the sixth sick sheik's sheep.
19. sheep ship There are sheep on the ship.
20. sleep slip The girl sleeps in a slip.
21. steal still He still steals.
22. Streep strip Meryl Streep is in a comic strip.
23. team Tim Tim is on the team.
24. these this These are better than this one.
25. thief thing The thief took my thing.
26. weep whip Who weeps from the whips?
In the time you have taken to reach this point in the program, you will have made a lot of decisions about your own individual speech style. Pronunciation of reduced sounds is more subjective and depends on how quickly you speak, how you prefer to express yourself, the range of your intonation, how much you want to reduce certain vowels, and so on.
上一篇：Bit or Beat? Bid or Bead? 下一篇：The Middle "I" List
420 Exercise 8-6: The Middle "I" List
Exercise 8-6: The Middle "I" List CD 4 Track 20 录音下载
The letter I in the unstressed position devolves consistently into a schwa. Repeat.
ability
accident
accountability
activity
adversity
America
analytical
animal
applicant
application
article
astronomical
audible
auditor
authority
availability
beautiful
brutality
calamity
California
candidate
capacity
celebrity
charity
Christianity
clinical
clerical
chemical
上一篇：Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise
下一篇： Reduction Options
The letter I in the unstressed position devolves consistently into a schwa. Repeat.
ability
accident
accountability
activity
adversity
America
analytical
animal
applicant
application
article
astronomical
audible
auditor
authority
availability
beautiful
brutality
calamity
California
candidate
capacity
celebrity
charity
Christianity
clinical
clerical
chemical
上一篇：Tense and Lax Vowel Exercise
下一篇： Reduction Options
421 Exercise 8-7: Reduction Options
Exercise 8-7: Reduction Options CD 4 Track 21 录音下载
In the following example, you will see how you can fully sound out a word (such as to), reduce
it slightly, or do away with it altogether.
1. ... easier tū(w)nderstand.
2. ... easier tü(w)nderstand.
3. ... easier t nderstand.
4. ... easier tnderstand.
5. ... easier dnderstand.
Each of the preceding examples is correct and appropriate when said well. If you have a good understanding of intonation, you might be best understood if you used the last example. How would this work with the rest of our familiar paragraph, you ask? Let's see.
上一篇：The Middle "I" List 下一篇： Finding Reduced Sounds
In the following example, you will see how you can fully sound out a word (such as to), reduce
it slightly, or do away with it altogether.
1. ... easier tū(w)nderstand.
2. ... easier tü(w)nderstand.
3. ... easier t nderstand.
4. ... easier tnderstand.
5. ... easier dnderstand.
Each of the preceding examples is correct and appropriate when said well. If you have a good understanding of intonation, you might be best understood if you used the last example. How would this work with the rest of our familiar paragraph, you ask? Let's see.
上一篇：The Middle "I" List 下一篇： Finding Reduced Sounds
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